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Christmas ham
A Christmas ham or Yule ham is a traditional ham dish associated with modern Christmas, Yule and Fennoscandian Jul. It is a ham from a pig that has been cured and sometimes smoked, that is cooked either in the oven or boiled (the broth is often saved for Christmas Eve to be used as a sop). It is traditionally in the Nordic countries coated with a layer of mustard mixed with eggs and breaded with breadcrumbs.
The tradition is suggested to have begun among the Germanic peoples as a tribute to Freyr, a god in Germanic Paganism associated with boars, harvest and fertility.〔Ellis Davidson, H.R. ''Gods And Myths Of Northern Europe'' (1965) ISBN 0-14-013627-4〕 It was later popularized by the Catholic Church as a test of truthful conversion from Judaism. Backsliding Marranos would decline to eat the Christmas ham, while authentic converts could enjoy the pig meat with equanimity.
==Origins==
According to some folklorists and historians〔Chambers, Edmund Kerchever. ''The Mediaeval Stage'' (Page 257) (1903)〕 the Christmas ham's origins in England lay in a: "''...tradition () was initiated in all probability on the Isle of Britain by the Anglo-Saxons, although our knowledge of it comes substantially from medieval times....(ancient Norse tradition ) sacrifice carried the intent of imploring Freyr to show favor to the new year. The boar's head with apple in mouth was carried into the banquet hall on a gold or silver dish to the sounds of trumpets and the songs of minstrels.''"〔Spears, James E. Folklore, Vol. 85, No. 3. (Autumn, 1974), pp. 194-198. (JSTOR )〕
In Scandinavia and England, Saint Stephen may have inherited some of Freyr's legacy. His feast day is December 26 and thus he came to play a part in the Yuletide celebrations which were previously associated with Freyr (''Ingwi'' in England). In old Swedish art, Stephen is shown as tending to horses and bringing a boar's head to a Yuletide banquet.〔Berger, Pamela (1985). (The Goddess Obscured: Transformation of the Grain Protectress from Goddess to Saint ). Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-6723-7. pp. 105-112.〕 Both elements are extra-canonical and may be pagan survivals.
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